With the emergence of the network society in recent decades and the shift towards more participatory forms of urban governance, there are various ‘communities of interest’ which make knowledge claims regarding the benefits of urban development processes and the impacts on opportunities, quality of life and health of urban residents (Potts, 2008). These knowledge claims exist in various forms; expert knowledge; sectoral knowledge; community knowledge and tacit knowledge (van Ewijk and Baud, 2009). Using these different types of knowledge, including spatialised forms of these knowledges, networks of actors engage in participatory decision-making processes focused on ‘joint problem solving’ (Hajer, 2005). These actors include the state, NGOs, business, consultants, scientists and civil society. Alternatively, civil society groups use their knowledge and present it publicly through mobilisation processes and social protest and in this way ‘participate’ in urban development processes. Chance2Sustain Opinion Series - ISSN 2308-0965 |
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